아 요즘 독해가 너무 어렵네요;; 독해를 잘하려면 끊어 읽는게 좋나요??

끊어서 해석 부탁드립니다;

no direct physiological effect can be positively ascribed to intense cold.
문장 맨 앞에 no가 들어가면 문장 전체를 부정하는건가요?

It lays no bodily handicap on health and energy, as does the excessive heat of the Tropics.
여기서 lay가 무슨 뜻으로 쓰였나요??

Nothing about him gave any suggestion of a child lost in the middle of the desert.

Knowing by parts is science, knowing the whole as a whole is philosophy. Each supports the other, and there is no profit in asking which of the two should come first. Ones is aware of the universe as the whole universe, however the other may be resolved to study its details one at a time.
이 문장은 무슨 말인지 이해를 못하겠어요. 해석이 되는곳도 문장이 이해가 안되네요; 설명 부탁드려요;