a symbol differs from an imitative representation. it stands for something else but does not attempt to accurately duplicate it. a connection between a symbol and its referent is not necessarily causal as is a visual representation of, for example, a living room on television. the heart-shaped symbol ‘♥’ stands for the word ‘love’ in our culture, but the connection between the symbol and its meaning had to be learned. in a culture where the heart-shaped symbol has no known meaning, it is unlikely to get a response, or it may get a different response. in other words, a symbol is understood only because there are shared conventional meanings.

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